How to Grow and Care for Geraniums

Plant Overview

Geraniums, scientifically known as Pelargonium, are popular flowering plants that are cherished for their vibrant blooms and ease of care. Originating from South Africa, these hardy plants have become a staple in gardens worldwide. Geraniums are known for their rounded, lobed leaves and clusters of flowers that come in a variety of colors including red, pink, white, and purple.

Optimal Growing Conditions

Light

Geraniums thrive in full sun, requiring at least six hours of direct sunlight each day. In hotter climates, they can benefit from some afternoon shade to prevent leaf scorch.

Temperature

These plants prefer temperatures between 65-75°F (18-24°C) during the day and around 50-60°F (10-15°C) at night. They are not frost-tolerant and should be brought indoors or protected during colder months.

Soil

Geraniums require well-draining soil with a pH level between 6.0 and 6.5. A mix of potting soil, peat, and perlite is ideal for container growth.

Watering

Water geraniums when the top inch of soil feels dry. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so ensure pots have drainage holes and avoid letting them sit in water.

Humidity

Geraniums do not require high humidity and can thrive in average household conditions. Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases.

Seasonal Care Tips

Spring

In spring, start by pruning any dead or damaged stems. This is also the best time to repot if necessary and begin fertilizing with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4-6 weeks.

Summer

During summer, maintain consistent watering and deadhead spent flowers to encourage continuous blooming. Watch for signs of pests such as aphids and treat them promptly.

Fall

As temperatures drop, reduce watering and prepare to bring plants indoors if you live in a frost-prone area. Gradually acclimate them to indoor conditions to minimize shock.

Winter

In winter, reduce watering further and stop fertilizing. Provide bright, indirect light indoors and maintain a cooler temperature to mimic their natural dormant period.

Common Issues & Solutions

Pests

Common pests include aphids, spider mites, and whiteflies. Regularly inspect your plants and use insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.

Diseases

Geraniums can suffer from fungal diseases such as botrytis or rust. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to prevent these issues.

Yellow Leaves

Yellow leaves can be a sign of overwatering or nutrient deficiency. Adjust watering habits and consider a balanced fertilizer to resolve this issue.

Propagation Guide

Step-by-Step Instructions

1. Select a healthy stem about 4-6 inches long with several leaves.
2. Cut just below a node and remove the lower leaves.
3. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone (optional).
4. Plant in a pot with moist, well-draining soil.
5. Place in bright, indirect light and keep the soil slightly moist.
6. Roots should develop in 4-6 weeks, after which you can transplant to a larger pot or garden.

Creative Uses

Geraniums are versatile plants that can be used in various ways:

• In garden borders for vibrant color displays.
• As container plants on patios and balconies.
• Indoors as decorative houseplants in sunny spots.
• In hanging baskets for cascading floral displays.

For more detailed information on geranium care, visit Royal Horticultural Society or University of Minnesota Extension. For pest control tips, check out Gardening Know How.

Explore our Plant Care Guides for more tips on growing beautiful gardens.